Log.php - php.iniのerror_logにログの出力先を設定します。 ファイル名を記述する場合は、絶対パスで記載し、 webサーバのユーザが書き込める必要があります。 ※相対パスでも書き込めますが、ドキュメントルートからになります。

 
Jun 1, 2019 · There are much better ways to print variable's value in PHP. One of them is to use buildin var_dump () function. If you want to use var_dump (), I would also suggest to install Xdebug (from https://xdebug.org) since it generates much more readable printouts. The idea of printing values to browser console is somewhat bizarre, but if you really ... . Used toyota prius for sale under dollar10 000 near me

The PHP Standards Recommendation (PSR)-3 logging standard defines a logging interface with eight methods (debug, info, notice, warning, error, critical, alert, emergency). The message passed to those functions should be a string or an object with a __toString method to cast it into a string. Oct 23, 2013 · Firstly, you need to put session_start(); before any output to the browser, normally at the top of the page.Have a look at the manual. Second, this won't affect your results, but these lines aren't being used anywhere and should be removed: logging.phpは配列を返すファイルになっています default要素の値が使用するログチャンネルとなります ログ出力の際には、どこ(ファイル、DB、メール等)に何(ファイル名、行番号、リクエストURL等)を、どのように(日時の形式等)出力するかを決めなければなり ... Logging Deprecation Warnings. PHP, Laravel, and other libraries often notify their users that some of their features have been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. If you would like to log these deprecation warnings, you may specify your preferred deprecations log channel in your application's config/logging.php configuration file: Jan 7, 2016 · echo '<script>console.log ("'.$_POST ['name'].'");</script>'; If you are trying to debug or see the value that was posted from the front end to back end then you can simply use the chrome inspector. Right click anywhere in browser and click inspect element. submit your form with desired values. Feb 4, 2021 · If you have two PHP applications on a webserver, both checking a user's login status with a boolean flag in a session variable called 'isLoggedIn', then a user could log into one of the applications and then automagically gain access to the second without credentials. Printing errors. Now you can just write to your log by using the error_log function: error_log ( 'Hello World!'. ); Or pretty print your output by making use of the print_r method: error_log ( print_r ( 'Hello World!', true ) ); Pro Tip: If you're using the bash you can observe the log with tail -f wp-content/debug.log. For Chrome there is an extension called Chrome Logger allowing to log PHP messages. The Firefox DevTools even have integrated support for the Chrome Logger protocol. To enable the logging, you just need to save the 'ChromePhp.php' file in your project. Then it can be used like this: include 'ChromePhp.php'; ChromePhp::log('Hello console!'); It includes output handlers for log files, databases, syslog, email, Firebug, and the console. It also provides composite and subject-observer logging mechanisms. » Maintainers. » More Information. Jon Parise [ Wishlist] (lead) Jan Schneider (lead) Chuck Hagenbuch [ Wishlist] (lead) External Package Homepage. Browse the source tree. Jun 1, 2019 · There are much better ways to print variable's value in PHP. One of them is to use buildin var_dump () function. If you want to use var_dump (), I would also suggest to install Xdebug (from https://xdebug.org) since it generates much more readable printouts. The idea of printing values to browser console is somewhat bizarre, but if you really ... Aug 1, 2023 · error_log — Send an error message to the defined error handling routines Description ¶ error_log ( string $message, int $message_type = 0, ?string $destination = null, ?string $additional_headers = null ): bool Sends an error message to the web server's error log or to a file. Parameters ¶ message The error message that should be logged. PHP MySQL Login - This tutorial demonstrates how to create a login page with MySQL Data base. Before enter into the code part, You would need special privileges to create or to delete a MySQL database. So assuming you have access to root user, you can create any database using mysql mysqladmin binary. Aug 1, 2023 · log (PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8) log — Natural logarithm Description ¶ log ( float $num, float $base = M_E ): float If the optional base parameter is specified, log () returns log base num, otherwise log () returns the natural logarithm of num . Parameters ¶ num The value to calculate the logarithm for base May 30, 2022 · PHP: How to use monolog to log to console (php://out)? 28. How to echo (or print) to the js console with php. 0. display /var/log/messages in html/php output? 0. Laravelは、アプリケーション内で何が起こっているかを詳しく知らせるために、メッセージをファイル、システムエラーログ、さらにはSlackに記録してチーム全体に通知できる堅牢なログサービスを提供します。. Laravelのログは「チャンネル」に基づいてい ... Jul 27, 2018 · On both Windows or macOS, just right-click the file and select the "Open With" command for picking the program you want to use. Here's the window that will pop up in Windows (macOS is similar) after you click that. All you have to do next is choose the program you want to use, select "Always Use This App To Open .LOG Files", and click "OK". Dec 28, 2014 · If you're using Laravel Envoyer, here is a possible fix using ACL in Linux: 1. First, run the following script with root permissions on the server: { {MASTER_PATH}}: The path to your virtual hosts directory (eg. the folder > containing your application (s)). { {WEB_SERVER_USER}}: The user your web-server uses. Aug 1, 2023 · error_log — Send an error message to the defined error handling routines Description ¶ error_log ( string $message, int $message_type = 0, ?string $destination = null, ?string $additional_headers = null ): bool Sends an error message to the web server's error log or to a file. Parameters ¶ message The error message that should be logged. PHP login with session. Php login script is used to provide the authentication for our web pages. the Script executes after submitting the user login button. Login Page. Login page should be as follows and works based on session. If the user close the session, it will erase the session data. Apr 29, 2019 · How PHP creates logs. The PHP system logger creates logs automatically when the execution of your code produces an error. Additionally, you can create logs by calling PHP’s logging functions as you need to log custom errors and arbitrary events in your application. Mar 26, 2023 · Get 23 activity log PHP scripts on CodeCanyon such as Vanguard - Advanced PHP Login and User Management, WebGuard - Advanced PHP Login and User Management, LaraSwift SaaS– Laravel Admin & User Dashboard + CRUD Builder + Stripe Recurring Payment A session is started with the session_start () function. Session variables are set with the PHP global variable: $_SESSION. Now, let's create a new page called "demo_session1.php". In this page, we start a new PHP session and set some session variables: Jan 7, 2016 · echo '<script>console.log ("'.$_POST ['name'].'");</script>'; If you are trying to debug or see the value that was posted from the front end to back end then you can simply use the chrome inspector. Right click anywhere in browser and click inspect element. submit your form with desired values. Logging Deprecation Warnings. PHP, Laravel, and other libraries often notify their users that some of their features have been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. If you would like to log these deprecation warnings, you may specify your preferred deprecations log channel in your application's config/logging.php configuration file: PHP MySQL Login - This tutorial demonstrates how to create a login page with MySQL Data base. Before enter into the code part, You would need special privileges to create or to delete a MySQL database. So assuming you have access to root user, you can create any database using mysql mysqladmin binary. Aug 17, 2021 · 5. Membuat Halaman Login (index.php) Pada tutorial php session login ini, index.php berisi kode yang digunakan untuk halaman login. Jika Anda perhatikan, dalam file ini terdapat 2 bagian. Bagian pertama adalah kode PHP yang digunakan untuk validasi email dan password untuk login. W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more. Aug 1, 2023 · error_log — Send an error message to the defined error handling routines Description ¶ error_log ( string $message, int $message_type = 0, ?string $destination = null, ?string $additional_headers = null ): bool Sends an error message to the web server's error log or to a file. Parameters ¶ message The error message that should be logged. Nov 13, 2016 · Logs any variable to a file named “drupal_debug.txt” in the site’s temp directory. All output from this function is appended to the log file, making it easy to see how the contents of a variable change as you modify your code. If you’re using Mac OS X you can use the Logging Console to monitor the contents of the log file. Mar 24, 2020 · Background - Logging in PHP; The Basics of Browser Console Logging; How Console Logging Can be Done in PHP; Why You Should be Logging to Console ; Wrapping it up; Background - Logging in PHP. More than 25 years since its creation, PHP is still one of the most widely used programming languages in the world, accounting for about 78% of the known ... Oct 11, 2012 · It works for me. How can we log all PHP errors to a log file? Just add the following line to file /etc/php.ini to log errors to specified file – file /var/log/php-scripts.log. vi /etc/php.ini Modify the error_log directive: error_log = /var/log/php-scripts.log Make sure display_errors is set to Off (no errors to end users): display_errors = Off In this PHP tutorial you will learn how to create a login system in PHP from, and how to show content after being logged in. ... In this PHP tutorial you will learn how to create a login system in ... Mar 26, 2023 · Get 23 activity log PHP scripts on CodeCanyon such as Vanguard - Advanced PHP Login and User Management, WebGuard - Advanced PHP Login and User Management, LaraSwift SaaS– Laravel Admin & User Dashboard + CRUD Builder + Stripe Recurring Payment See full list on betterstack.com Logging Deprecation Warnings. PHP, Laravel, and other libraries often notify their users that some of their features have been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. If you would like to log these deprecation warnings, you may specify your preferred deprecations log channel in your application's config/logging.php configuration file: Apr 18, 2020 · But logs from PHP or authz_core_module still end up in Apache's default logging file. What I want I'm using Apache and PHP (via PHP Apache module) for a web space. For Chrome there is an extension called Chrome Logger allowing to log PHP messages. The Firefox DevTools even have integrated support for the Chrome Logger protocol. To enable the logging, you just need to save the 'ChromePhp.php' file in your project. Then it can be used like this: include 'ChromePhp.php'; ChromePhp::log('Hello console!'); Aug 1, 2023 · It appears that error_log () only logs the first line of multi-line log messages. To log a multi-line message, either log each line individually or write the message to another file. When error_log () unexpectedly uses stdout, you should check if the php.ini value for error_log is empty in your CLI environment. Jan 7, 2019 · Apache is part of the LAMP stack of software for Linux (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP). Apache is responsible for serving web pages to people looking at your website. The server grants access for visits to your website, and it keeps an access log. These records, or log files, can be a valuable source of information about your website, usage, and ... Logging Deprecation Warnings. PHP, Laravel, and other libraries often notify their users that some of their features have been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. If you would like to log these deprecation warnings, you may specify your preferred deprecations log channel in your application's config/logging.php configuration file: logging.phpは配列を返すファイルになっています default要素の値が使用するログチャンネルとなります ログ出力の際には、どこ(ファイル、DB、メール等)に何(ファイル名、行番号、リクエストURL等)を、どのように(日時の形式等)出力するかを決めなければなり ... May 15, 2018 · I doubt PHP has permissions to write to /. You should pick a better log file location. You should pick a better log file location. Maybe __DIR__ . '/errorlog.log' Để cấu hình cơ chế Laravel sử dụng để lưu trữ log, bạn thay đổi tùy chọn log trong config/app.php. Ví dụ, nếu bạn muốn sử dụng cách ghi log ra file theo ngày thay cho một file riêng lẻ thì bạn thiết lập giá trị log trong app.php thành daily: 'log' => 'daily'. Khi sử dụng chế độ ... May 30, 2022 · PHP: How to use monolog to log to console (php://out)? 28. How to echo (or print) to the js console with php. 0. display /var/log/messages in html/php output? 0. Aug 1, 2023 · Description ¶. syslog () generates a log message that will be distributed by the system logger. For information on setting up a user defined log handler, see the syslog.conf (5) Unix manual page. More information on the syslog facilities and option can be found in the man pages for syslog (3) on Unix machines. Mar 26, 2023 · Get 23 activity log PHP scripts on CodeCanyon such as Vanguard - Advanced PHP Login and User Management, WebGuard - Advanced PHP Login and User Management, LaraSwift SaaS– Laravel Admin & User Dashboard + CRUD Builder + Stripe Recurring Payment The PHP Standards Recommendation (PSR)-3 logging standard defines a logging interface with eight methods (debug, info, notice, warning, error, critical, alert, emergency). The message passed to those functions should be a string or an object with a __toString method to cast it into a string. In NGINX, logging to syslog is configured with the syslog: prefix in error_log and access_log directives. Syslog messages can be sent to a server= which can be a domain name, an IP address, or a UNIX-domain socket path. A domain name or IP address can be specified with a port to override the default port, 514. In NGINX, logging to syslog is configured with the syslog: prefix in error_log and access_log directives. Syslog messages can be sent to a server= which can be a domain name, an IP address, or a UNIX-domain socket path. A domain name or IP address can be specified with a port to override the default port, 514. Oct 28, 2015 · It's an old post but can help someone: My codeigniter log has not be written, so I go to logs folder and execute this command: sudo chown www-data logs/ Oct 14, 2012 · set global general_log = 1; set global log_output = 'table' /* so we can query it*/ select * from general_log /* to select */ truncate general_log /*if you got to much data*/ set global general_log = 0 /*to turn it off again*/. Let this application decide if you want queries logged and log queries on MySQLs side if you want all queries logged. Log into Facebook to start sharing and connecting with your friends, family, and people you know. Apr 29, 2019 · How PHP creates logs. The PHP system logger creates logs automatically when the execution of your code produces an error. Additionally, you can create logs by calling PHP’s logging functions as you need to log custom errors and arbitrary events in your application. For Chrome there is an extension called Chrome Logger allowing to log PHP messages. The Firefox DevTools even have integrated support for the Chrome Logger protocol. To enable the logging, you just need to save the 'ChromePhp.php' file in your project. Then it can be used like this: include 'ChromePhp.php'; ChromePhp::log('Hello console!'); Nov 18, 2022 · For example, adding the following line to the [sqlsrv] section of the php.ini file turns on logging of connection and statement activity: sqlsrv.LogSubsystems = 6. Logging Errors, Warnings, and Notices. After turning logging on, you must specify what to log. You can log one or more of the following: errors, warnings, and notices. Để cấu hình cơ chế Laravel sử dụng để lưu trữ log, bạn thay đổi tùy chọn log trong config/app.php. Ví dụ, nếu bạn muốn sử dụng cách ghi log ra file theo ngày thay cho một file riêng lẻ thì bạn thiết lập giá trị log trong app.php thành daily: 'log' => 'daily'. Khi sử dụng chế độ ... Jun 1, 2019 · There are much better ways to print variable's value in PHP. One of them is to use buildin var_dump () function. If you want to use var_dump (), I would also suggest to install Xdebug (from https://xdebug.org) since it generates much more readable printouts. The idea of printing values to browser console is somewhat bizarre, but if you really ... Oct 28, 2015 · It's an old post but can help someone: My codeigniter log has not be written, so I go to logs folder and execute this command: sudo chown www-data logs/ W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more. Aug 1, 2023 · Description ¶. syslog () generates a log message that will be distributed by the system logger. For information on setting up a user defined log handler, see the syslog.conf (5) Unix manual page. More information on the syslog facilities and option can be found in the man pages for syslog (3) on Unix machines. 0 - Default. Message is sent to PHP's system logger, using the OS' system logging mechanism or a file, depending on what the error_log configuration is set to in php.ini; 1 - Message is sent by email to the address in the destination parameter ; 2 - No longer in use (only available in PHP 3) 3 - Message is appended to the file specified in ... Aug 25, 2023 · You will often want to modify the details of your message based on the context of the event being logged. You might need to log a user id, an IP address, the current POST variables, etc. You can do this by use placeholders in your message. Each placeholder must be wrapped in curly braces. In the third parameter, you must provide an array of ... Apr 13, 2021 · I'm still learning Laravel and I'm not quite sure what or how the main applications config/logging.php is read so I'm not quite sure how to inject a custom version for an add-on package. EDIT: I found a post that suggested using the following in the ServiceManager boot() method: Aug 1, 2023 · log (PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8) log — Natural logarithm Description ¶ log ( float $num, float $base = M_E ): float If the optional base parameter is specified, log () returns log base num, otherwise log () returns the natural logarithm of num . Parameters ¶ num The value to calculate the logarithm for base In this PHP tutorial you will learn how to create a login system in PHP from, and how to show content after being logged in. ... In this PHP tutorial you will learn how to create a login system in ... As an open source company, we take your privacy seriously and want to be as transparent as possible. So: We use cookies to collect some personal data from you (like your browsing data, IP addresses, and other unique identifiers). Jun 2, 2023 · File Structure & Setup. We can now start our web server and create the files and directories we're going to use for our login system. Open XAMPP Control Panel. Next to the Apache module click Start. Next to the MySQL module click Start. Navigate to XAMPP's installation directory ( C:\xampp) Open the htdocs directory. Oct 14, 2012 · set global general_log = 1; set global log_output = 'table' /* so we can query it*/ select * from general_log /* to select */ truncate general_log /*if you got to much data*/ set global general_log = 0 /*to turn it off again*/. Let this application decide if you want queries logged and log queries on MySQLs side if you want all queries logged. Sep 13, 2015 · Do you want to specifically log info to one log file and another log type to another location? My solution might not help in that case, but could still be useful. To write a log file to another location, use the method useDailyFiles or useFiles, and then info to log to the log file at the path you just specified. May 14, 2023 · If a match is found, then it sets the user login session. This authentication code preserves the user id in a PHP session. The existence of this session will state the user authentication status. After authentication, the PHP $_SESSION super global variable will contain the user id. The $_SESSION [“member_id”] is set to manage the logged-in ... Environment Setup. Now, we need to start the webserver and create the files for the login system. There are few steps that are given below to setup the environment. Open the XAMPP Control Panel. Start the Apache server by clicking on the Start button. Start the MySQL by clicking on the Start button. Create all the files needed for login. Feb 4, 2021 · If you have two PHP applications on a webserver, both checking a user's login status with a boolean flag in a session variable called 'isLoggedIn', then a user could log into one of the applications and then automagically gain access to the second without credentials. Log into Facebook to start sharing and connecting with your friends, family, and people you know. Dec 28, 2014 · If you're using Laravel Envoyer, here is a possible fix using ACL in Linux: 1. First, run the following script with root permissions on the server: { {MASTER_PATH}}: The path to your virtual hosts directory (eg. the folder > containing your application (s)). { {WEB_SERVER_USER}}: The user your web-server uses. The PHP Standards Recommendation (PSR)-3 logging standard defines a logging interface with eight methods (debug, info, notice, warning, error, critical, alert, emergency). The message passed to those functions should be a string or an object with a __toString method to cast it into a string. Apr 29, 2019 · How PHP creates logs. The PHP system logger creates logs automatically when the execution of your code produces an error. Additionally, you can create logs by calling PHP’s logging functions as you need to log custom errors and arbitrary events in your application. Laravelは、アプリケーション内で何が起こっているかを詳しく知らせるために、メッセージをファイル、システムエラーログ、さらにはSlackに記録してチーム全体に通知できる堅牢なログサービスを提供します。. Laravelのログは「チャンネル」に基づいてい ... Jan 7, 2016 · echo '<script>console.log ("'.$_POST ['name'].'");</script>'; If you are trying to debug or see the value that was posted from the front end to back end then you can simply use the chrome inspector. Right click anywhere in browser and click inspect element. submit your form with desired values. Log into Facebook to start sharing and connecting with your friends, family, and people you know. I'd like to know what's wrong to fix it, but Nginx isn't logging any PHP errors in the log file I have spec... Stack Exchange Network Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow , the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Để cấu hình cơ chế Laravel sử dụng để lưu trữ log, bạn thay đổi tùy chọn log trong config/app.php. Ví dụ, nếu bạn muốn sử dụng cách ghi log ra file theo ngày thay cho một file riêng lẻ thì bạn thiết lập giá trị log trong app.php thành daily: 'log' => 'daily'. Khi sử dụng chế độ ... In this PHP tutorial you will learn how to create a login system in PHP from, and how to show content after being logged in. ... In this PHP tutorial you will learn how to create a login system in ... Exception Log Context. While adding context to every log message can be useful, sometimes a particular exception may have unique context that you would like to include in your logs. By defining a context method on one of your application's exceptions, you may specify any data relevant to that exception that should be added to the exception's ... Laravelは、アプリケーション内で何が起こっているかを詳しく知らせるために、メッセージをファイル、システムエラーログ、さらにはSlackに記録してチーム全体に通知できる堅牢なログサービスを提供します。. Laravelのログは「チャンネル」に基づいてい ... Apr 18, 2020 · But logs from PHP or authz_core_module still end up in Apache's default logging file. What I want I'm using Apache and PHP (via PHP Apache module) for a web space. Logging Deprecation Warnings. PHP, Laravel, and other libraries often notify their users that some of their features have been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. If you would like to log these deprecation warnings, you may specify your preferred deprecations log channel in your application's config/logging.php configuration file:

I'd like to know what's wrong to fix it, but Nginx isn't logging any PHP errors in the log file I have spec... Stack Exchange Network Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow , the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. . Wwe women

log.php

Dec 3, 2021 · Using JavaScript, logging to console is as simple as this: console.log ("Message here"); In this post, we will guide you on logging to the console in PHP. We will also explain why logging within PHP can benefit you. Furthermore, we’ll tackle how it’s just as easy as logging to console using JavaScript. A session is started with the session_start () function. Session variables are set with the PHP global variable: $_SESSION. Now, let's create a new page called "demo_session1.php". In this page, we start a new PHP session and set some session variables: Laravelは、アプリケーション内で何が起こっているかを詳しく知らせるために、メッセージをファイル、システムエラーログ、さらにはSlackに記録してチーム全体に通知できる堅牢なログサービスを提供します。. Laravelのログは「チャンネル」に基づいてい ... logging.phpは配列を返すファイルになっています default要素の値が使用するログチャンネルとなります ログ出力の際には、どこ(ファイル、DB、メール等)に何(ファイル名、行番号、リクエストURL等)を、どのように(日時の形式等)出力するかを決めなければなり ... Logging Deprecation Warnings. PHP, Laravel, and other libraries often notify their users that some of their features have been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. If you would like to log these deprecation warnings, you may specify your preferred deprecations log channel in your application's config/logging.php configuration file: Logging Deprecation Warnings. PHP, Laravel, and other libraries often notify their users that some of their features have been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. If you would like to log these deprecation warnings, you may specify your preferred deprecations log channel in your application's config/logging.php configuration file: Jan 9, 2023 · Stop Wasting Time on Servers. Cloudways handle server management for you so you can focus on creating great apps and keeping your clients happy. Nov 13, 2016 · Logs any variable to a file named “drupal_debug.txt” in the site’s temp directory. All output from this function is appended to the log file, making it easy to see how the contents of a variable change as you modify your code. If you’re using Mac OS X you can use the Logging Console to monitor the contents of the log file. Oct 28, 2015 · It's an old post but can help someone: My codeigniter log has not be written, so I go to logs folder and execute this command: sudo chown www-data logs/ Oct 28, 2015 · It's an old post but can help someone: My codeigniter log has not be written, so I go to logs folder and execute this command: sudo chown www-data logs/ Logging Deprecation Warnings. PHP, Laravel, and other libraries often notify their users that some of their features have been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. If you would like to log these deprecation warnings, you may specify your preferred deprecations log channel in your application's config/logging.php configuration file: PHP login with session. Php login script is used to provide the authentication for our web pages. the Script executes after submitting the user login button. Login Page. Login page should be as follows and works based on session. If the user close the session, it will erase the session data. In NGINX, logging to syslog is configured with the syslog: prefix in error_log and access_log directives. Syslog messages can be sent to a server= which can be a domain name, an IP address, or a UNIX-domain socket path. A domain name or IP address can be specified with a port to override the default port, 514. In this PHP tutorial you will learn how to create a login system in PHP from, and how to show content after being logged in. ... In this PHP tutorial you will learn how to create a login system in ... Nov 13, 2016 · Logs any variable to a file named “drupal_debug.txt” in the site’s temp directory. All output from this function is appended to the log file, making it easy to see how the contents of a variable change as you modify your code. If you’re using Mac OS X you can use the Logging Console to monitor the contents of the log file. Để cấu hình cơ chế Laravel sử dụng để lưu trữ log, bạn thay đổi tùy chọn log trong config/app.php. Ví dụ, nếu bạn muốn sử dụng cách ghi log ra file theo ngày thay cho một file riêng lẻ thì bạn thiết lập giá trị log trong app.php thành daily: 'log' => 'daily'. Khi sử dụng chế độ ... .

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